Understanding Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation, or AFib, is one of the most common heart rhythm problems. It happens when the upper chambers of the heart, called the atria, beat fast and irregularly. Instead of a steady heartbeat, the rhythm becomes chaotic. Some people feel a racing or fluttering heart, while others feel nothing at all.
AFib is serious because it increases the risk of stroke, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, and even death. Stroke is the biggest danger. When the heartbeat is irregular, blood can pool inside the heart and form clots. These clots can travel to the brain or lungs and cause major damage.
AFib becomes more common with age, but several factors increase the risk. High blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, sleep apnea, smoking, heavy alcohol use, and heart disease all play a role. Managing these risks, especially blood pressure, weight, and sleep apnea, helps lower the chances of complications.
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Common symptoms include a racing heartbeat, shortness of breath, chest pressure, fatigue, or light-headedness. But up to 40 percent of people have no symptoms. Many cases are found during routine checkups or on smartwatches and heart monitors.
Doctors diagnose AFib with an electrocardiogram, or EKG, which records the heart’s electrical activity. They may also use an echocardiogram or blood tests to look for causes or complications.
Treatment has two main goals. The first is preventing strokes. Most patients need a blood thinner to stop clots from forming. The second goal is controlling the heart’s rhythm or rate. This may involve medication, a cardioversion procedure, or a catheter ablation to correct abnormal electrical signals.
Healthy habits also make a difference. Regular exercise, weight loss, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol, and controlling blood pressure can reduce AFib episodes and improve outcomes.
AFib is common and treatable. If you think you may have it, talk to your healthcare provider.
“This program is for informational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, or replace professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider with any questions or concerns you may have about your health. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, seek immediate care or call 911. ‘On Call,’ hosted by Ryan Rogers and produced by Lebanon Now, encourages all viewers to make informed decisions with the guidance of their medical professionals.”
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